Masana'antar takarda ta Turai ƙarƙashin matsalar makamashi

Masana'antar takarda ta Turai ƙarƙashin matsalar makamashi

Tun daga rabin na biyu na shekarar 2021, musamman tun daga shekarar 2022, hauhawar danyen kayan masarufi da farashin makamashi ya sanya masana'antar takarda ta Turai cikin mawuyacin hali, lamarin da ya kara ta'azzara rufe wasu kanana da matsakaitan masana'antar sarrafa takarda a Turai. Bugu da kari, hauhawar farashin takarda ya kuma yi tasiri sosai a kan bugu na kasa, hada-hada da sauran masana'antu.

Rikici tsakanin Rasha da Ukraine na kara ta'azzara matsalar makamashi na kamfanonin takarda a Turai

Tun bayan barkewar rikici tsakanin Rasha da Ukraine a farkon shekarar 2022, da yawa daga cikin manyan kamfanonin takarda a Turai sun sanar da janyewa daga Rasha. A cikin tsarin janyewa daga Rasha, kamfanin ya kuma cinye makudan kudade kamar ma'aikata, kayan aiki da albarkatun kuɗi, wanda ya karya ainihin tsarin tsarin kamfanin. Tare da tabarbarewar dangantakar Rasha da Turai, kamfanin Gazprom na Rasha mai samar da iskar gas ya yanke shawarar rage yawan iskar gas da ake samarwa ga nahiyar Turai ta bututun Nord Stream 1. Kamfanonin masana'antu a yawancin ƙasashen Turai suna iya ɗaukar matakai daban-daban kawai. hanyoyin rage amfani da iskar gas.

Tun bayan barkewar rikicin Ukraine, bututun iskar gas na "North Stream", wanda shine babban jigon makamashi na Turai, yana jan hankali. Kwanan nan, layukan reshe uku na bututun Nord Stream sun sami “lalacewar da ba a taɓa gani ba” a lokaci guda. Barnar da ba a taba gani ba. Ba shi yiwuwa a mayar da iskar gas. tsinkaya. Har ila yau, masana'antar takarda ta Turai tana da matukar tasiri a sakamakon rikicin makamashi. Dakatar da samarwa na wucin gadi, raguwar samarwa ko canza hanyoyin samar da makamashi sun zama matakan gama-gari ga kamfanonin takarda na Turai.

Dangane da Rahoton Masana'antar Takardun Turai ta 2021 da Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Turai ta Masana'antar Takardu (CEPI) ta fitar, manyan ƙasashen Turai da ke samar da takarda da kwali su ne Jamus, Italiya, Sweden da Finland, daga cikinsu Jamus ce kan gaba wajen kera takarda da kwali a cikin su. Turai. Lissafi na 25.5% a Turai, Italiya shine 10.6%, Sweden da Finland suna da kashi 9.9% da 9.6% bi da bi, kuma abubuwan da wasu ƙasashe ke samarwa ba su da yawa. An ba da rahoton cewa, domin tabbatar da samar da makamashi a muhimman wurare, gwamnatin Jamus na tunanin daukar tsauraran matakai na rage yawan makamashi a wasu yankunan, lamarin da zai kai ga rufe masana'antu a masana'antu da dama da suka hada da sinadarai, aluminum da kuma takarda. Rasha ita ce babbar mai samar da makamashi ga kasashen Turai ciki har da Jamus. Kashi 40% na iskar gas na EU da kashi 27% na man da ake shigowa da su Rasha ne ke samar da su, sannan kashi 55% na iskar gas din Jamus na zuwa daga Rasha. Don haka, domin tunkarar samar da iskar gas na Rasha Rashin isassun matsaloli, Jamus ta sanar da kaddamar da shirin "tsarin iskar gas na gaggawa", wanda za a aiwatar da shi a matakai uku, yayin da sauran kasashen Turai ma suka dauki matakan kariya, amma har yanzu tasirin bai isa ba. bayyananne.

Kamfanonin takarda da dama sun yanke samarwa kuma sun dakatar da samarwa don jure rashin wadataccen makamashi

Rikicin makamashi yana damun kamfanonin takarda na Turai sosai. Misali, saboda matsalar samar da iskar gas, a ranar 3 ga watan Agustan shekarar 2022, Feldmuehle, wani mai sana’ar samar da takarda ta Jamus, ya sanar da cewa daga kashi na hudu na shekarar 2022, za a sauya babban mai daga iskar gas zuwa man dumama haske. Dangane da haka Feldmuehle ya ce a halin yanzu ana fama da karancin iskar gas da sauran hanyoyin samar da makamashi kuma farashin ya tashi matuka. Canja zuwa man dumama haske zai tabbatar da ci gaba da aiki na shuka da kuma inganta gasa. Zuba jarin Yuro miliyan 2.6 da ake buƙata don shirin, za a samu tallafin masu hannun jari na musamman. Duk da haka, masana'antar tana da ikon samar da ton 250,000 kacal a shekara. Idan ana buƙatar irin wannan canji don masana'antar takarda mafi girma, za a iya tunanin sakamakon babban saka hannun jari.

Bugu da kari, Norske Skog, kungiyar wallafe-wallafen Norwegian da takarda, ta dauki tsauraran matakai a masana'antar Bruck a Ostiriya a farkon Maris 2022 kuma ta rufe injin na wani dan lokaci. Kamfanin ya kuma bayyana cewa, sabon tukunyar jirgi wanda tun farko aka shirya fara aiki a watan Afrilu, ana sa ran zai taimaka wajen rage matsalar ta hanyar rage yawan iskar gas da masana'antar ke amfani da shi tare da inganta samar da makamashi. "Babban rashin ƙarfi" kuma zai iya haifar da ci gaba da rufewar ɗan gajeren lokaci a masana'antar Norske Skog.

Giant din marufi na Turai Smurfit Kappa shi ma ya zaɓi rage yawan samarwa da kusan tan 30,000-50,000 a watan Agustan 2022. Kamfanin ya bayyana a cikin wata sanarwa cewa: Tare da hauhawar farashin makamashi na yanzu a cikin nahiyar Turai, kamfanin ba ya buƙatar kiyaye kowane kaya, kuma rage yawan samarwa yana da matukar muhimmanci.