Yin amfani da taba yana ci gaba da kasancewa babban sanadin kamuwa da cututtuka da mutuwa a Kanada. A cikin 2017, fiye da mutuwar 47,000 ne ke haifar da shan taba a Kanada, tare da kiyasin dala biliyan 6.1 a cikin kuɗaɗen kula da lafiya kai tsaye da dala biliyan 12.3 a jimlar farashin gabaɗaya.1 A watan Nuwamba 2019, ƙa'idodin marufi na samfuran taba sun fara aiki a matsayin wani ɓangare. Dabarun Taba Sigari na Kanada, wanda ke nufin cimma burin amfani da taba sigari kasa da kashi 5% nan da shekarar 2035.
Adadin ƙasashe na duniya sun karɓi marufi na fili. Tun daga Yuli 2020, a sarariKanadamarufi sigarian aiwatar da shi sosai a duka masana'anta da matakin siyarwa a cikin ƙasashe 14: Ostiraliya (2012); Faransa da Ingila (2017); New Zealand, Norway, da Ireland (2018); Uruguay, da Thailand (2019); Saudi Arabia, Turkiyya, Isra'ila, da Slovenia (Janairu 2020); Kanada (Fabrairu 2020); da Singapore (Yuli 2020). Nan da Janairu 2022, Belgium, Hungary, da Netherlands za su yi cikakken aiwatar da marufi.
Wannan rahoto ya taƙaita shaida daga Ayyukan Ƙididdigar Manufofin Kula da Tobacco na Ƙasashen Duniya (ITC) kan ingancin marufi a Kanada. Tun daga shekara ta 2002, ITC Project ya gudanar da bincike na tsawon lokaci a cikin ƙasashe 29 don kimanta tasirin mahimman manufofin sarrafa sigari na Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya akan Kamuwar Taba (WHO FCTC). Wannan rahoto ya gabatar da bincike kan tasirin marufi a Kanada bisa bayanan da aka tattara daga manya masu shan taba kafin (2018) da kuma bayan (2020) gabatarwar fili.Kanadamarufi sigari. Ana kuma gabatar da bayanai daga Kanada cikin mahallin tare da bayanai daga har zuwa 25 wasu ƙasashe na ITC Project - ciki har da Ostiraliya, Ingila, Faransa, da New Zealand, inda aka aiwatar da marufi.
Fakitin fakitin ya ragu sosai - 45% na masu shan sigari ba sa son kamannin fakitin sigari bayan bayyaneKanada marufi sigariAn gabatar da shi, idan aka kwatanta da 29% a gaban doka Unlik Wannan rahoton ya shirya ta hanyar ITC Project a Jami'ar Waterloo: Janet Chung-Hall, Pete Driezen, Eunice Ofeibea Indome, Gang Meng, Lorraine Craig, da Geoffrey T. Fong. Mun yarda da sharhi daga Cynthia Callard, Likitoci don Kanada mara shan taba; Rob Cunningham, Ƙungiyar Ciwon daji ta Kanada; da Francis Thompson, HealthBridge akan daftarin wannan rahoto. Sonya Lyon na Sentrik Graphic Solutions Inc ne ya samar da zane-zane da shimfidawa. Godiya ga Brigitte Meloche don samar da ayyukan fassarar Faransanci; da kuma Nadia Martin, ITC Project don nazarin fassarar Faransanci da gyarawa. Shirye-shiryen Amfani da Kaya da Tsari na Lafiyar Kanada (SUAP) ne ya bayar da kuɗin wannan rahoto #2021-HQ-000058. Ra'ayoyin da aka bayyana a nan ba lallai ba ne su wakilci ra'ayoyin Lafiya Kanada.
Binciken ITC Hudu na Shan Sigari da Vaping ya sami goyan bayan tallafi daga Cibiyar Ciwon daji ta Amurka (P01 CA200512), Cibiyar Nazarin Kiwon Lafiya ta Kanada (FDN-148477), da Majalisar Binciken Lafiya da Kiwon Lafiya ta Ostiraliya (APP 1106451). Ana ba da ƙarin tallafi ga Geoffrey T. Fong ta wani Babban Mai Bincike daga Cibiyar Nazarin Ciwon daji ta Ontario.
An bayar da ikon sarrafawa don fakitin taba sigari (wanda kuma aka sani da daidaitaccen marufi) a ƙarƙashin Dokar Kayayyakin Taba da Vaping (TVPA) 4, wanda ya sami gyare-gyaren da aka ɗauka a ranar 23 ga Mayu, 2018 a matsayin tsarin doka don rage babban nauyin mutuwar da ke da alaƙa da taba sigari. da cuta a Kanada. A filiKanadamarufi sigariyana da nufin rage sha'awar kayan sigari kuma an gabatar da shi a ƙarƙashin Dokokin Samfuran Taba na 2019 (Plain and Standardized Appearance)5 a matsayin ɗayan ingantattun tsare-tsare don taimakawa cimma burin kasa da 5% amfani da taba nan da 2035 a ƙarƙashin dabarun Taba na Kanada .
Dokokin sun shafi marufi don duk samfuran taba, gami da ƙera sigari, mirgine samfuran ku (taba, bututu da takaddun birgima da aka yi niyyar amfani da su tare da taba), sigari da ƙaramar cigare, taba bututu, taba mara hayaki, da kayan taba mai zafi.E Ba a rufe sigari/kayayyakin vaping a ƙarƙashin waɗannan ƙa'idodin, tunda ba a rarraba su azaman samfuran taba a ƙarƙashin TVPA.
4 Filayen fakitin sigari, ƙananan sigari, samfuran taba da aka yi niyyar amfani da su tare da na'urori, da duk sauran samfuran taba sun fara aiki a matakin masana'anta/mai shigo da kaya a ranar 9 ga Nuwamba, 2019, tare da lokacin tsaka-tsaki na kwanaki 90 don masu siyar da sigari su bi ta Fabrairu 7, 2020. Marufi na sigari ya fara aiki a matakin masana'anta/mai shigo da kaya a ranar 9 ga Nuwamba, 2020, tare da wa'adin kwanaki 180 don masu siyar da sigari su bi zuwa ranar 8 ga Mayu, 2021.5, 8
Kanada marufi sigariAn kira ƙa'idodi a matsayin mafi ƙayyadaddun ƙa'idodi a duniya, suna kafa wasu abubuwan tarihi na duniya (duba Akwatin 1). Duk fakitin samfuran taba dole ne su kasance da daidaitaccen launi mai launin ruwan kasa, ba tare da wani fasali mai ban sha'awa da ban sha'awa ba, da nunin rubutun da aka halatta a daidaitaccen wuri, font, launi, da girma. Sandunan sigari ba za su iya wuce ƙayyadaddun ƙira don faɗi da tsayi ba; suna da alamar alama; kuma ƙarshen tacewa dole ne ya zama lebur kuma ba zai iya samun matsuguni ba.Kanada marufi sigariza a daidaita shi zuwa tsarin nunin faifai da harsashi a matakin masana'anta/mai shigo da kaya tun daga ranar 9 ga Nuwamba, 2021 ('yan kasuwa suna da har zuwa 7 ga Fabrairu, 2022 don yin biyayya), don haka hana fakiti tare da buɗe sama. Hoto na 1 yana nuna nunin faifai da fakitin harsashi tare da bayyananneKanada marufi sigari inda aka bayyana saƙon bayanin lafiya a bayan fakitin ciki lokacin da aka buɗe fakitin. Kanada ita ce ƙasa ta farko a duniya da ke buƙatar fakitin zamewa da harsashi KUMA ita ce ta farko da ta buƙaci saƙon lafiya na ciki.
Kanadamarufi sigaridokoki sune mafi ƙarfi a duniya kuma na farko zuwa:
• Hana amfani da masu siffanta launi a cikin kowane iri da bambance-bambancen sunaye
• Ana buƙatar tsarin marufi da harsashi don sigari
• Ana buƙatar launi mai launin ruwan kasa a ciki na marufi
• Hana sigari fiye da 85mm
• Haramta siririyar sigari na ƙasa da 7.65mm a diamita
Abubuwan da suka gabata na duniya da aka saita ta ƙa'idodin marufi na Kanada
Kanada ba ta aiwatar da sabbin gargaɗin kiwon lafiya na hoto (PHWs) akan fakitin sigari tare da ƙa'idodin marufi, kamar yadda wasu ƙasashe suka buƙata ciki har da Ostiraliya, United Kingdom, Faransa, da New Zealand. Duk da haka,Kunshin taba sigari na Kanadagargadi (75% na gaba da baya) zai zama mafi girma a duniya dangane da jimlar sararin samaniya lokacin da tsarin zane da harsashi na tilas ya fara aiki a watan Nuwamba 2021. Lafiyar Kanada tana kammala shirye-shiryen aiwatar da sabbin sabbin gargaɗin kiwon lafiya da yawa. don kayan sigari waɗanda za a buƙaci su juya bayan ƙayyadaddun lokaci.9 Hoto na 2 yana gabatar da lokacin da za a shirya marufi a cikin Kanada dangane da binciken ITC Hudu na Shan Sigari da Vaping, wanda ke ba da bayanan wannan rahoto.
Wannan rahoton yana gabatar da bayanai daga Binciken Sigari da Vaping na ITC Kanada kafin da kuma bayan an gama aiwatar da marufi na fili a matakin siyarwa a ranar 7 ga Fabrairu, 2020. Binciken ITC Kanada Smoking and Vaping Survey, wani yanki na babban binciken shan taba da vaping na ITC huɗu, wanda kuma aka gudanar a layi daya tare da binciken ƙungiyar a Amurka, Ostiraliya, da Ingila, wani binciken ƙungiyar da aka gudanar tsakanin manya masu shan sigari da vapers da aka ɗauka daga rukunin yanar gizo na ƙasa a kowace ƙasa. Binciken na kan layi na mintuna 45 ya haɗa da tambayoyin da suka dace da kimanta marufi na fili, waɗanda ITC Project suka yi amfani da su don kimanta marufi a Ostiraliya, Ingila, New Zealand, da Faransa. An gudanar da binciken ITC Canada Smoking and Vaping Survey a tsakanin samfurin wakilci na ƙasa na 4600 manya masu shan sigari waɗanda suka kammala binciken a cikin 2018 (kafin fakitin bayyanannu), 2020 (bayan fakitin bayyananne), ko a cikin shekaru biyu. Ana kwatanta bayanan dogon lokaci daga Kanada tare da bayanai daga guda biyu. sauran kasashen ITC (Australia da Amurka) inda aka gudanar da irin wannan binciken a tsawon lokaci guda, kuma wanda ya bambanta a matsayin dokokin tattara kayan taba da kuma bukatun canje-canje a cikin PHWs (duba Table 1).i Halayen masu amsa tambayoyin a cikin An taƙaita Kanada, Ostiraliya, da Amurka a cikin Tebura 2. Rahoton ya kuma gabatar da kwatancen ƙetare na bayanai game da zaɓaɓɓun matakan sakamako na tasiri na manufofin a Kanada da har zuwa wasu ƙasashe 25 na ITC.ii
An gabatar da cikakkun bayanai game da samfuri da hanyoyin bincike a kowace ƙasa a cikin Binciken ITC Hudu na Shan Sigari da Vaping.
rahotannin fasaha, akwai a:https://itcproject.org/methods/
Aikin ITC ya riga ya buga rahotanni game da tasirin marufi a cikin New Zealand18 da England19. Takardun ilimin kimiyya na ITC na gaba za su gabatar da ƙarin nazari mai zurfi game da tasirin marufi a cikin Kanada da sauran ƙasashe, da kwatancen tasirin manufofin a cikin cikakkun tsarin ƙasashen ITC waɗanda suka aiwatar a sarari.Kanadamarufi sigari.Bambance-bambance kaɗan tsakanin sakamakon da aka ruwaito na Kanada a cikin takaddun kimiyya masu zuwa da sakamakon da aka ruwaito a cikin wannan takarda ya faru ne saboda bambance-bambancen hanyoyin daidaita ƙididdiga, amma kada su canza tsarin binciken gabaɗaya.ii.
Sakamakon 2020 na Kanada da aka gabatar a cikin alkalumman ƙetare na iya bambanta kaɗan daga sakamakon 2020 a cikin alkaluman tsayin daka waɗanda aka gabatar a cikin wannan rahoton saboda bambance-bambancen hanyoyin daidaita ƙididdiga na kowane nau'in bincike.iii
A lokacin kimanta marufi na bayan fage a Kanada, galibin fakitin fakiti a dillalan sun kasance cikin tsari na sama, tare da tsarin zane-zane da harsashi da ake samu don ƙayyadaddun samfuran ƙira Ɗaya daga cikin maƙasudin marufi na fili shine a rage sha'awar. da roko na kayayyakin taba.
Bincike da aka gudanar a ƙasashe daban-daban ya nuna a kai a kai cewa fakitin taba sigari ba su da sha'awa ga masu shan taba fiye da fakitin da aka saka.12-16
Binciken ITC ya nuna cewa an sami karuwa mai yawa a cikin yawan masu shan sigari na Kanada waɗanda suka sami fakitin taba sigari "babu mai ban sha'awa" bayan aiwatar da su. Kanadamarufi sigari.Wannan gagarumin raguwar roko ya sha bamban da sauran kasashe guda biyu na kwatance-Australia da Amurka-inda babu wani canji a yawan masu shan taba da suka sami fakitin taba sigari "ko kadan bai burge ba".
An sami ƙaruwa mai yawa a cikin adadin masu shan sigari waɗanda suka ce ba sa son kamannin fakitin sigari bayan aiwatar da marufi a Kanada (daga kashi 29% a cikin 2018 zuwa 45% a cikin 2020). Fakitin roko shine mafi ƙanƙanta a Ostiraliya (inda aka aiwatar da fakitin bayyananne tare da manyan PHWs a cikin 2012), tare da sama da kashi biyu bisa uku na masu shan sigari suna ba da rahoton cewa ba sa son kamannin fakitin su a cikin 2018 (71%) da 2020 (69%). Sabanin haka, yawan masu shan sigari waɗanda suka ce ba sa son kamannin fakitin su ya kasance ƙasa kaɗan a cikin Amurka (9% a cikin 2018 da 12% a cikin 2020), inda gargaɗin rubutu ne kawai kuma ba a aiwatar da fakitin bayyane ba. duba Hoto na 3).
Waɗannan sakamakon sun yi daidai da binciken aikin ITC na baya yana nuna haɓakar adadin masu shan sigari waɗanda ba sa son kamannin fakitin su bayan an aiwatar da fakitin a fili a Ostiraliya (daga 44% a cikin 2012 zuwa 82% a cikin 2013) 17, New Zealand ( daga 50% a 2016-17 zuwa 75% a 2018)18, da Ingila (daga 16% a 2016 zuwa 53% a 2018).19
Binciken na yanzu ya kara da shaida daga binciken da aka buga yana nuna raguwa mai yawa a cikin roko bayan aiwatar da fakitin fakiti tare da manyan PHWs a Australia20, 21 da ingantaccen tasirinKanadamarufi sigariakan rage buƙatun roƙo sama da sama da haɓaka girman PHWs a Ingila.22
Wani bincike na baya-bayan nan wanda ke kimanta tasirin marufi a cikin Burtaniya da Norway ta yin amfani da matakan binciken ITC da aka kafa yana ba da ƙarin shaida cewa aiwatar da marufi na fili tare da manyan PHWs na haɓaka faɗakarwar faɗakarwa da inganci fiye da abin da za a iya samu ta aiwatar da marufi na fili ba tare da canje-canje ba. ga gargadin lafiya. Kafin aiwatar da marufi a fili, ƙasashen biyu suna da gargaɗin lafiya iri ɗaya akan fakitin sigari (gargaɗin rubutu 43% a gaba, 53% PHW a baya).
Bayan aiwatar da marufi na fili tare da babban PHWs (65% na gaba da baya) a cikin Burtaniya, an sami ƙaruwa mai yawa a lura da masu shan taba, karantawa, da tunani game da gargaɗin, yin tunani game da haɗarin lafiyar shan taba, halaye na gujewa, barin sigari, da kuma kasancewa mafi kusantar dainawa saboda gargaɗin.
Akasin haka, an sami raguwa sosai wajen lura, karantawa, da duban gargaɗin, yin tunani game da haɗarin lafiya na shan taba, da kuma kasancewa mafi kusantar dainawa saboda gargaɗin da masu shan taba ke yi a Norway, inda aka aiwatar da marufi ba tare da wani canji ba. zuwa gargadin kiwon lafiya.23 Daban-daban na sakamakon da aka gani a Burtaniya idan aka kwatanta da Norway ya nuna hakanKanada marufi sigariyana haɓaka tasirin manyan gargaɗin hoto na labari, amma ba zai iya ƙara tasirin tsohon rubutu/ gargaɗin hoto ba.
Lokacin aikawa: Juni-15-2024