Kasashe da yawa suna da dokar sarrafa taba wanda ke kafa mafi ƙarancin adadinkwalin tabawanda za a iya haɗa shi a cikin fakiti ɗaya.
A cikin ƙasashe da yawa waɗanda suka tsara akan wannan ƙananan fakitin sigari shine 20, misali a cikin Amurka (Kodin Dokokin Tarayya Title 21 Sec. 1140.16) da Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Turai (Urumar Kayayyakin Taba ta EU, 2014/40/EU) . Umurnin EU ya sanya mafi ƙarancin adadinkwalin tabakowace fakiti don ƙara farashin sigari na gaba kuma ta haka zai sa su zama masu araha ga matasa. An gabatar da fakitin 25 a Ostiraliya a cikin shekarun 1970s, kuma fakitin 30, 35, 40 da 50 sun ci gaba da shiga kasuwa a cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata. zuwa 23% a cikin 2018 3. A cikin United Kingdom, an gabatar da fakiti na 23 da 24 bayan gabatarwar marufi (daidaitacce). Koyo daga waɗannan gogewa, New Zealand ta ba da umarni don daidaitattun fakiti guda biyu kawai (20 da 25) a matsayin wani ɓangare na dokokinta na fakitin fakitin 4.
Samuwar fakitin girma fiye da 20akwati na taba sigariyana da ban sha'awa musamman saboda haɓakar shaidar rawar da girman rabo ke cikin yawan amfani da wasu samfuran.
Yin amfani da abinci yana ƙaruwa lokacin da aka ba wa mutane girma, idan aka kwatanta da ƙarami, masu girma dabam, tare da nazarin tsarin Cochrane wanda ke gano ƙananan tasiri na girman rabo akan abinci da sha mai laushi. girman kan shan taba. Nazari uku ne kawai suka cika ka'idojin haɗawa, duk sun mai da hankali kanakwati na taba sigaritsayi, ba tare da nazarin nazarin tasirin amfani da girman fakitin taba ba. Rashin shaidar gwaji abin damuwa ne, saboda karuwar samun manyan fakitin na iya lalata inganta lafiyar jama'a da aka cimma ta wasu manufofin sarrafa taba.
Ya zuwa yanzu, nasarar manufofin sarrafa sigari a ƙasashe da yawa ya kasance saboda rage yawan amfani da su ta hanyar saɓanin farashi maimakon inganta dakatarwa, tare da raguwar raguwar da ke ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin lokaci 6. Wannan ƙalubalen yana jaddada buƙatar manufofin da ke ƙarfafa dakatarwa. Rage yawan taba sigari a kowace rana da masu shan sigari ke cinyewa na iya zama muhimmin madogara ga yunƙurin dakatar da yin nasara, kuma yayin da karuwar farashi mai yiwuwa shine dabarun da ya fi dacewa, sauran manufofin sarrafa taba sun kasance mahimmanci wajen rage yawan amfani 7. Abubuwan da ke faruwa a shan taba sun nuna cewa. masu shan sigari na iya kuma sun fara da kiyaye raguwar amfani a ƙasashe da yawa. Alal misali, a cikin shekarun da ba a yarda da manufofin shan taba a wuraren aiki ba, masu shan taba sun fi dacewa su daina shan taba a wuraren aiki marasa shan taba idan aka kwatanta da waɗanda ke ba da izinin shan taba 8. Lambobin da aka ruwaito naakwati na taba sigarishan taba a kowace rana shima ya ragu na tsawon lokaci a Ostiraliya, Ingila da sauran ƙasashe da yawa (2002-07) 9.
A Ingila, jagororin Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya da Kulawa ta Kasa (NICE) (shawarwari na tushen shaida na kiwon lafiya) suna ƙarfafa masu shan taba don rage yawan amfani da su akan cewa yana iya ƙara yiwuwar dainawa. Duk da haka, akwai wasu damuwa cewa inganta raguwa na iya lalata raguwa da juriya ga sake dawowa 10. Wani nazari na yau da kullum game da ayyukan dakatar da shan taba ya gano cewa yankewa kafin tsayawa, ko tsayawa ba zato ba tsammani, yana da kwatankwacin adadin dakatarwa ga masu shan taba da ke niyyar dakatar da 11. A gaba. gwaji ya gano cewa yanke don dakatar da shan taba ba shi da tasiri fiye da dakatar da shan taba kwatsam 12; duk da haka, marubutan sun ba da shawarar cewa shawara don rage shan taba na iya zama da amfani idan ya ƙara haɓaka tare da manufar samun tallafi. Gyaran muhalli kamar cappingakwati na taba sigariGirman fakitin yana da yuwuwar rage yawan amfani baya ga wayewar kai. Don haka yana ba da dama don isar da fa'idodin rage cin abinci ba tare da mai shan sigari ya haɓaka imani da kansa ba game da rage cutarwa ta hanyar raguwa kaɗai. An nuna nasara daga manufofi zuwa iyakar girman, da lambar da aka ba da izini a cikin siyarwa ɗaya, na sauran samfuran cutarwa. Misali, rage adadin kwayoyin cutar analgesic a kowace fakiti yana da fa'ida wajen rigakafin mutuwa ta hanyar kashe kansa 13.
Wannan labarin yana da nufin ginawa a kan wani bita na Cochrane na baya-bayan nan 5 wanda ba a sami wani binciken gwaji ba game da tasirin fakitin sigari akan shan taba.
Idan babu shaidar kai tsaye, mun gano bambance-bambancen da ke akwai a cikin samuwaakwati na taba sigari masu girma dabam da kuma haɗa wallafe-wallafen da suka dace da zato guda biyu don ɗaukar girman fakitin:
(i) rage girman fakitin na iya rage amfani; da (ii) rage cin abinci na iya ƙara dainawa. Rashin ƙarancin nazarin gwaji don tallafawa waɗannan zato baya hana barazanar da ke ƙara girmaakwati na taba sigariGirman fakiti (> 20) na iya haifar da nasarar wasu manufofin sarrafa taba. Mun yi iƙirarin cewa mayar da hankali kan tsari game da mafi ƙarancin fakitin, ba tare da la'akari da ko ya kamata a sami matsakaicin matsakaicin girman fakitin ba, da gaske ya haifar da lalurar da masana'antar taba za ta iya amfani da su. Bisa ga shaidar kai tsaye muna ba da shawarar cewa dokar gwamnati ta rufe fakitin sigari zuwa sigari 20 za ta ba da gudummawa ga manufofin hana shan sigari na ƙasa da na duniya don rage yawan shan taba.
Lokacin aikawa: Yuli-25-2024