Ƙananan abubuwa sun kasance masu ɓarna yayin ajiya da sufuri, kuma yawancin abubuwa ana haɗa su tare bisa wasu ƙa'idodi.Ƙunƙarar marufi na nuni na pre-roll yana nufin tarin ɗimbin ɗimbin ɗimbin ɗimbin ɗimbin kayan da aka tattara ko ba a ɗaure ba a cikin babban rukunin kayan da za a iya ɗagawa ko ɗaure ta cikin akwati don sauƙaƙe amfani da injina don lodawa, saukewa da sarrafawa.Ana iya raba kwantena kusan kashi shida bisa ga sifofinsu: kwantena masu ɗaure, kwantena, jakunkuna, tarun kwantena da kwantena.Manufar marufi shine don ceton ma'aikata da rage sufuri daakwatin nuni na farkofarashin marufi na kaya.
Akwatin nuni na farkohanyar shiryawa
Haɗawa da kwantena hanya ce ta haɗaɗɗiyar haɗaɗɗiya wacce ke amfani da kayan ɗauri don haɗa kaya kamar samfuran ƙarfe, itace, ko ƙananan fakiti zuwa sashin jigilar bayanai mai zaman kansa.Hoto na 7-17 yana nuna aikace-aikacen ɗaure daban-daban da ɗaure.Wannan marufiakwatin nuni na farkoTsarin yana cinye ƙarancin kayan marufi, yana da ƙarancin farashi, yana da sauƙin adanawa, ɗauka, saukewa, da jigilar kaya, kuma yana da ayyukan rufewa, rufewa, hana sata, da hana abubuwa daga ɓacewa ko rushewa.
Abubuwan da aka saba amfani da su na madauri donakwatin nuni na farko
Abubuwan da aka saba amfani da su sun haɗa da waya na ƙarfe, madauri na ƙarfe, polyester, nailan, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride da sauran madauri na filastik da ƙarfafa madauri.Ana amfani da waya mafi yawa don haɗa abubuwa masu tsauri kamar bayanan ƙarfe, bututu, bulo, akwatunan katako, da sauransu. Lokacin daure akwatunan katako, za su kasance cikin gefuna da kusurwoyi na akwatunan katako.Ƙarfe nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i ne tare da mafi girman ƙarfin ƙarfi.Suna da ƙaramin faɗaɗawa kuma abubuwa kamar hasken rana da zafin jiki ba su shafe su.Suna da ingantacciyar ƙarfin riƙewar tashin hankali kuma suna iya jure wa tashin hankali na kayan da aka matsa masu ƙarfi, amma suna da saurin tsatsa.Belt ɗin polyester yana da ƙarfin ƙarfi mai ƙarfi da juriya mai tasiri, kyawawan kaddarorin dawo da na roba da ƙarfin riƙewar tashin hankali, juriya mai kyau na sinadarai, da adana dogon lokaci mai kyau.Za su iya maye gurbin bel na karfe don marufiakwatin nuni na farkoabubuwa masu nauyi.Nailan madauri na roba ne, masu ƙarfi, suna da juriya mai kyau, juriya juriya, juriya na ruwa, juriya na sinadarai, kuma suna da nauyi cikin nauyi.Ana amfani da su galibi don haɗawa da tattara kaya masu nauyi, pallets, da dai sauransu. Maɗaurin polyethylene sune kyawawan kayan ɗamara don ayyukan hannu.Suna da kyakkyawan juriya na ruwa kuma sun dace da ɗaure kayan aikin gona tare da babban abun ciki na danshi.Suna iya kula da siffar abin dogara da kwanciyar hankali, suna da kwanciyar hankali a cikin ajiya, kuma suna da sauƙin amfani.Belin polypropylene yana da haske da taushi, yana da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, mai jure ruwa.
Pallet na'urar kwantena ce da ake amfani da ita don tara kaya ta wani nau'i kuma ana iya lodawa, saukewa da jigilar kaya.Marufi na palletakwatin nuni na farkohanya ce ta tattara kayan haɗin gwiwa wacce ke haɗa fakiti ko kaya da yawa zuwa sashin sarrafa mai zaman kanta ta wata hanya.Ya dace da aikin lodi na inji da sauke ayyukan sufuri, yana sauƙaƙe sarrafa ɗakunan ajiya na zamani, kuma yana iya haɓaka haɓakawa da haɓakawa da ingancin sufuri.Matsayin sarrafa kayan ajiya.
1. Akwatin nuni na farkotsarin marufi na pallet
(1) Marufi na palletakwatin nuni na farkoda halaye The abũbuwan amfãni daga pallet marufi ne mai kyau overall yi, santsi da kuma barga stacking, wanda zai iya kauce wa sabon abu na fakitin fadowa cikin kwalaye a lokacin ajiya, loading, saukewa, sufuri da sauran wurare dabam dabam tafiyar matakai.Ya dace da kaya, saukewa da sufuri na manyan injuna.Idan aka kwatanta da dogaro da ma’aikata da ƙananan injuna don lodawa da sauke ƙananan fakiti, za a iya inganta ingancin aikin sa sosai, kuma yana iya rage yiwuwar yin karo, faɗuwa, zubarwa da kuma mugunyar mu’amalar kayayyaki a lokacin ajiya, lodi da sauke kaya, sufuri da sufuri da sauransu. sauran hanyoyin zagayawa, tabbatar da Tsaron jigilar kaya.Koyaya, fakitin pallet yana ƙara farashin samarwa da kiyayewa, kuma yana buƙatar siyan injunan sarrafa daidai.Ƙididdiga masu dacewa sun nuna cewa yin amfani da fakitin palletakwatin nuni na farkomaimakon marufi na asali na iya rage farashin wurare dabam dabam, gami da raguwar 45% don kayan aikin gida, 60% raguwar samfuran takarda, rage 55% don kayan abinci, da raguwar 15% don gilashin lebur da bulo mai hana ruwa.
(2) Hanyoyi na tara pallet Gabaɗaya akwai hanyoyin tara fakiti guda huɗu, wato nau'in sake dubawa mai sauƙi, nau'in gaba da baya, nau'in crisscross da jujjuya nau'in staggered, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto 7-18.Hanyoyi daban-daban na stacking suna da nasu abũbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani, wanda ya kamata a zaba bisa ga takamaiman halin da ake ciki.
A cikin sauƙi mai haɗawa, kayan da ke kan kowane Layer an shirya su ta hanya ɗaya, amma babu giciye.Yawancin lokaci ana raba kayan cikin sauƙi a tsaye, suna da ƙarancin kwanciyar hankali, kuma suna buƙatar ƙarfin matsawa na ƙasan kayan.Daga mahangar inganta ingantaccen tari da ba da cikakkiyar wasa ga ƙarfin marufi, mai sauƙin lissaftawa shine mafi kyawun hanyar tarawa.Siffofin tarawa na yadudduka masu ƙima da ƙididdiga masu ƙima na gaba da jujjuya tari sun bambanta 180° daban.Haɗin kai tsakanin yadudduka yana da kyau, kuma kwanciyar hankali na kayan pallet yana da girma.Ana amfani da wannan hanyar tarawa galibi don pallets rectangular, kuma tsayi da faɗin kayan shine Rabo shine 3:2 ko 6:5.Matsakaicin maɗaukaki har ma da ƙididdige yadudduka na criss-cross stacking an jera su a wurare daban-daban.Hannun alamu na stacking na yadudduka biyu na kusa sun bambanta da 90°.An fi amfani da shi don murabba'in pallets.A cikin staggered staggered, a lokacin da stacking kowane Layer, da shugabanci da aka canja da 90 ° don samar da zoba don tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali, amma saboda cibiyar yana yiwuwa ga ramuka, rage surface amfani da pallet, wannan stacking hanya ne yafi amfani da murabba'in pallets. .Don tabbatar da kimiyya da amincin tattara kaya a kan pallets ta wata hanya, yayin zayyana fakitin pallet, dole ne a koma ga ma'auni na ƙasa CB4892 "Rigid Cuboid Transport Packaging Dimension Series" dangane da nau'in kaya, nauyin pallet. taro da girman, da dai sauransu ", GB 13201 "Rigid Silinda Transport Packaging Dimension Series" da GB 13757 "Jaka Transport Packaging Dimension Series" da sauran ka'idoji don ƙayyade hanyar stacking na kaya a kan pallet, kuma ƙimar amfani da pallet shine gaba daya ba kasa da 80%.
Ka'idoji na asali don zaɓar hanyoyin tattara pallet sune:
① Kaya mai ƙarfi na rectangular kamar katako, takarda da kwantena na ƙarfe ya kamata a tattara su a cikin nau'i ɗaya ko nau'i-nau'i da yawa kuma a gyara su tare da marufi mai shimfiɗa ko raguwa;② Kayayyakin Takarda ko Fiber Yi amfani da tari guda ɗaya ko Multi-Layer staggered staggered da gicciye tare da tef ɗin ɗauri;③ Akwatunan ƙarfe da aka rufe da sauran kayayyaki na silindi yakamata a tara su a cikin salo guda ɗaya ko mai yawa kuma a ƙarfafa su da murfin katako;④ Ƙunƙarar ruwa, mai hana ruwa, da dai sauransu. Ya kamata a ɗora samfuran takarda masu kariya da yadudduka a cikin nau'i-nau'i da yawa da kuma yin amfani da su, da kuma amfani da marufi mai shimfiɗa, ƙulla marufi ko ƙara goyan bayan kusurwa, murfi da sauran tsarin ƙarfafawa;⑤ Ya kamata a tara kayan da ba su da ƙarfi a cikin guda ɗaya ko yadudduka da yawa, tare da tallafin katako da aka ƙara tsarin Raba;⑥ Karfe kwalban cylindrical kwantena ko kaya suna stacked a tsaye a cikin Layer guda don haɓaka.
An ƙarfafa tsarin tare da firam ɗin kaya da slats;⑦ Jakunkuna na kaya galibi ana jeri su ne a gaba da kuma juyi.A cikin marufi na pallet, samfurin marufi a ƙasa yana ɗaukar nauyin matsa lamba na kayan sama, kuma yanayin matsawa na dogon lokaci zai haifar da kwandon kwandon ko kayan da ke rarrafe, yana shafar kwanciyar hankali na marufi.Sabili da haka, lokacin zayyana marufi na pallet, ya zama dole don bincika ƙarfin juzu'i na kwantena kuma la'akari da kaddarorin masu rarrafe na kwantena ko kayan marufi don tabbatar da amincin kayayyaki yayin ajiya da sufuri.
(3) Hanyar gyara fale-falen A yayin aikin ajiya da jigilar kayan naúrar da aka ɗora, don tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali, dole ne a yi amfani da hanyoyin ɗaure masu dacewa don hana rushewar.Don samfuran da ke buƙatar tabbatar da danshi da buƙatun hana ruwa, dole ne a ɗauki matakan da suka dace.Hanyoyin gyare-gyare da aka saba amfani da su don marufi na palletakwatin nuni na farkosun haɗa da haɗawa, manne, nannade, da na'urorin ƙarfafa kariya, da sauransu, waɗanda kuma za a iya amfani da su tare da juna.Hannun ɗaurewa da ɗaurewa yawanci suna amfani da madauri na ƙarfe da madaurin filastik zuwa fakitin madauri a kwance da a tsaye da pallet don hana fakitin samfuran girgiza yayin sufuri.() (e) Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto na 7-19, hanyoyi daban-daban na gyaran pallet.Don fakitin pallet wanda har yanzu ba zai iya saduwa da marufin sufuri baakwatin nuni na farkobuƙatun bayan an gyara su, ya kamata a zaɓi na'urorin ƙarfafa kariya kamar yadda ake buƙata.Ana yin kayan aikin ƙarfafa kariya daga takarda, filastik itace, ƙarfe ko wasu kayan.
2.Akwatin nuni na farkoHanyar ƙirar marufi na pallet
An daidaita girman pallets.Don tabbatar da tasirin fakitin pallet, kwalin kwalin samfuran ya kamata a haɗa su cikin hankali.Ingancin fakitin fakitin kai tsaye yana shafar amincin samfuran fakitin cikin tsarin kewayawa.Marufi mai ma'ana mai ma'ana na iya haɓaka ingancin marufi da aminci, haɓaka kayan aiki, da rage jigilar kayayyaki da marufi.Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu na ƙira don marufi na pallet: "cikin waje" da "waje-ciki".
(1) Hanyar ƙirar "cikin waje" ita ce zayyana marufi na ciki, marufi na waje da pallet a jere bisa ga girman tsarin samfurin.An tattara samfurin a cikin ƙananan fakiti bi-da-bi-da-bi daga aikin samarwa, sa'an nan kuma bisa ga ƙananan fakiti masu yawa ko girma masu girma Zaɓi akwatunan marufi dangane da marufi ɗaya.akwatin nuni na farko, sa'an nan kuma haɗa akwatunan marufi da aka zaɓa a kan pallets, sa'an nan kuma kai su ga masu amfani.Ana nuna tsarin ƙira a cikin hoto 7-20.Dangane da girman marufi na waje, hanyar da aka tara a kan pallet za a iya ƙayyade.Tun da akwai hanyoyi da yawa don tara akwatunan kwalaye na ƙayyadaddun girman a kan jirgin saman pallet, wajibi ne a kwatanta hanyoyi daban-daban kuma zaɓi mafi kyawun bayani.
Lokacin zayyana fakitin fakitin, dole ne a bi tsarin marufi na duniya mai ƙarfi [600, 400], kuma girman [1200, 800] da [12001000] a cikin ma'auni na ƙasa GB2934 “Babban Girma da Hakuri na Pallets na Universal Flat Pallets Intermodal Transport” ya kamata a fi so.Jerin pallets don yin cikakken amfani da filin fale-falen buraka da rage marufi da farashin jigilar kayayyaki.Za'a iya kammala ƙirar marufi mai girma-girma ta amfani da software na ƙira marufi stacking pallet.
3. Akwatin nuni na farkofasahar marufi kwantena
Pallet wani akwati ne mai nau'in firam tare da babban ƙarfi kuma ya dace musamman don shirya kayan aiki masu nauyi tare da sifofi masu rikitarwa da manyan batches.Wasu samfuran suna da manyan batches da sifofi masu sarƙaƙƙiya kuma ba za a iya haɗa su cikin pallets ba.Tsarin firam ɗin yawanci ana yin shi da ƙarfe, itace ko wasu kayan.Ayyukansa shine gyarawa da kare abubuwa, da kuma samar da na'urori masu mahimmanci don ɗagawa, ɗagawa da tara samfuran bayan taro.Irin wannan tsarin firam ɗin ana kiransa pallet, wanda za'a iya sake yin fa'ida kuma a sake amfani dashi na dogon lokaci.
Kwantena babban akwati ne mai girman juzu'i da kuma babban kwandon kayan dakon kaya.Yawancin lokaci ana samarwa da amfani da shi daidai da ƙa'idodin ƙasashen duniya.Jirgin kwantena yana da fa'ida mara misaltuwa fiye da sauran hanyoyin sufuri kuma ya zama babban nau'in jigilar kaya a duk duniya.
Kwamitin Fasaha na Kayan Kwantena na ISO/TC104 na Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya don daidaitawa ya bayyana akwati a matsayin "kwandon da za a iya sake amfani da shi na dogon lokaci kuma yana da isasshen ƙarfi;za a iya canjawa wuri a lokacin wucewa ba tare da motsa kayan da ke cikin akwati ba, za a iya canza shi kai tsaye, za a iya saukewa da sauri kuma a sauke shi, kuma za a iya canja shi kai tsaye daga hanyar sufuri cikin dacewa zuwa wata hanyar sufuri, dacewa don cikawa da zubar da ciki. kaya, da kuma kwandon jigilar kaya mai girma fiye da 1m."Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don rarraba kwantena, kuma an raba su zuwa kwantena na aluminum, kwantena na karfe da kwantena fiberglass bisa ga kayan aiki..Dangane da tsarin, an raba su zuwa kwantena na ginshiƙai, kwantena na nadawa, kwantena na bakin ciki da kwantena na firam.Bisa ga manufar, an raba su zuwa manyan kwantena da kwantena na musamman.Kwantena na gaba ɗaya, wato, busassun kayan dakon kaya, sune kwantenan da aka fi amfani da su tare da ma'auni mai girma.Ana amfani da su gabaɗaya don jigilar samfuran masana'antu da aka gama ko fakiti waɗanda basa buƙatar tsarin zafin jiki.Kwantena na musamman kwantena ne tare da buƙatu na musamman don takamaiman fakiti ko kayayyaki, kamar manyan kwantena, buɗaɗɗen kwantena, kwantena masu sanyi, kwantena masu rufewa, kwantena masu iska, kwantenan bangon bango cikakke, kwantena kwantena na faranti, kwantenan tanki, da kwantena masu shinge.jira.
Marufi na kwantenaakwatin nuni na farkofasaha ya ƙunshi shirye-shiryen shirin ajiyar kaya na kwantena, zaɓin yanayin sufuri da hanyar mika kayayyaki
da sauransu Don buƙatun da suka dace, da fatan za a koma zuwa ka'idodin sufuri na kwantena.
Lokacin aikawa: Maris 22-2024